Feeding a bustling household where hungry voices echo from every corner isn’t just about having enough food—it’s about having the right tools to get it on the table without losing your sanity. Picture this: it’s a Tuesday evening, three kids are starving after practice, your partner is stuck late, and you’re simultaneously reheating leftovers, boiling pasta for six, and trying to prevent a toddler from “helping” with the sharp knives. The wrong cookware can turn this routine into a disaster zone of burnt sauce, mismatched lids, and tears (yours, not the kids’). For large families, cookware isn’t just kitchen gear; it’s the frontline defense against chaos, and choosing wisely impacts your daily rhythm more than you might realize.
The sheer volume of options out there is overwhelming. Endless sets promise durability, even heating, and sleek designs, but what actually matters when you’re cooking for a crowd night after night? It’s easy to get dazzled by shiny finishes or bundled extras that gather dust while you struggle with warped lids or handles that scald your fingers. This guide cuts through the noise, focusing on the real-world demands of large-family cooking. We’ll explore the features that genuinely save time, reduce stress, and stand up to the relentless pace of feeding multiple hungry people, so you can invest in pieces that become trusted allies, not expensive regrets.
Top 10 Cookware Sets for Large Families
Detailed Product Reviews
1. CAROTE 26PCS Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Cookware Set Pots and Pans Induction Cook Ware, Nonstick Kitchen Cooking, PFOA Free
Overview: This comprehensive 26-piece nonstick set from CAROTE targets home cooks seeking versatility across all stovetops, including induction. It combines essential pots, pans, and utensils with a focus on lightweight usability and health-conscious materials.
What Makes It Stand Out: The reinforced die-cast aluminum construction ensures exceptional durability without heaviness, while the “10x Ultra Non-stick” granite coating promises safer, oil-free cooking and effortless cleanup—simply wipe with a paper towel. Its extended induction-compatible base guarantees even heating.
Value for Money: Priced competitively for its size, it outperforms basic sets by including niche tools like a steamer and pan protectors. While premium ceramic sets cost more, this offers similar nonstick performance at a lower entry point, ideal for budget-conscious families.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Lightweight yet sturdy; heats evenly; induction-ready; PFOA-free; comprehensive utensil inclusion.
Weaknesses: Hand-wash only (no dishwasher safety); granite coating longevity unproven vs. titanium-reinforced alternatives; no explicit warranty mentioned in features.
Bottom Line: An excellent starter set for small households prioritizing induction compatibility and easy maintenance, though frequent high-heat users may prefer more scratch-resistant options.
2. 24Pcs Pots and Pans Set Non Stick,Ceramic Cookware Set with 8Qt Stockpot,Titanium-Reinforced Long-Lasting Nonstick,PFAS-Free,Induction Compatible,Complete Kitchen Set for Batch Cooking & Family Meals
Overview: Engineered for large families and meal preppers, this 24-piece ceramic set features an oversized 8-quart stockpot and titanium-reinforced coating, emphasizing batch cooking efficiency and health safety.
What Makes It Stand Out: The extra-deep 8Qt stockpot minimizes boil-overs during big-batch cooking, while titanium-reinforced ceramic delivers exceptional scratch resistance and “10X” nonstick performance. Crucially, it’s PFAS-free, eliminating toxic chemicals without sacrificing release.
Value for Money: Justifies its mid-range price with specialized tools for family-sized meals (grill pan, steamer) and superior durability. Though pricier than basic sets, the titanium reinforcement offers better longevity than standard ceramic, avoiding frequent replacements.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Ideal for large portions; highly durable ceramic coating; completely non-toxic; induction-ready; includes practical utensils.
Weaknesses: Hand-wash required; stockpot size may overwhelm small kitchens; fewer pan sizes than competitors (e.g., no small 8" fry pan).
Bottom Line: The top choice for health-focused households needing robust, large-capacity cookware—skip if you prioritize dishwasher safety or minimal storage space.
3. CAROTE 21Pcs Pots and Pans Set, Nonstick Cookware Sets, White Granite Induction Cookware Non Stick Cooking Set w/Frying Pans & Saucepans(PFOS, PFOA Free)
Overview: CAROTE’s streamlined 21-piece white granite set balances aesthetics and function, offering induction compatibility and a PFOA-free coating in a compact package for smaller kitchens or minimalist cooks.
What Makes It Stand Out: The elegant white granite finish stands out visually, while maintaining the brand’s “10x Ultra Non-stick” performance and lightweight aluminum build. The inclusion of a 12-month warranty (uncommon in Product 1) adds significant peace of mind.
Value for Money: Slightly more affordable than the 26-piece set, it delivers core functionality without excess pieces. Ideal for couples or small families, though the reduced count (no egg pan or extra protectors) makes it less versatile than larger kits.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Stylish design; reliable heat distribution; easy hand-cleaning; strong warranty; induction-compatible.
Weaknesses: Fewer included tools (e.g., missing tongs); hand-wash only; limited pot sizes for large gatherings; no titanium reinforcement for longevity.
Bottom Line: A solid, aesthetically pleasing investment for 1–2 person households wanting dependable nonstick performance and warranty coverage—avoid for heavy batch cooking.
4. Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, 31 Piece Kitchen Induction Cookware & Bakeware Set, Nonstick Kitchen Cooking Pans Set with Frying Pans Set Grill Pan Saucepan Baking Sheet & Utensils, PFOA Free
Overview: This all-in-one 31-piece behemoth merges cookware and bakeware, targeting new homeowners or those seeking a single purchase for every kitchen task—from searing to baking.
What Makes It Stand Out: The pre-assembled, heat-resistant Bakelite handles stay cool during use, while the 7-piece stackable bakeware (muffin pan, sheets) eliminates the need for separate purchases. Multi-layer PFOA-free coating handles acidic foods safely, preserving flavor integrity.
Value for Money: Unbeatable scope at its price: few sets include bakeware and utensils. However, the sheer volume risks underutilized pieces. For new kitchens, it’s economical; existing cooks may find redundancy.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Complete kitchen solution; bakeware integration; cool-touch handles; versatile for all stovetops; handles acidic foods well.
Weaknesses: Overwhelming piece count for some; bakeware quality may lag behind dedicated sets; hand-wash required; potential storage challenges.
Bottom Line: The ultimate starter kit for moving into a new home—opt for this if you need everything at once, but choose smaller sets for targeted upgrades.
5. CAROTE 31PCS Pots and Pans Set, Nonstick Cookware Set Kitchen Non Stick Induction Titanium Cookware Non-toxic Granite Cooking set, PFOA Free
Overview: CAROTE’s flagship 31-piece set leverages titanium-infused granite coating for maximum durability, bundling an extensive tool collection (including a container and egg pan) for serious home chefs.
What Makes It Stand Out: Titanium reinforcement dramatically boosts scratch resistance over standard granite sets, while the “10x Ultra Non-stick” surface ensures oil-free cooking. The inclusion of specialized tools like an egg pan and container elevates its utility beyond typical sets.
Value for Money: Competitively priced for its titanium tech and piece count. Outperforms ceramic sets in longevity but costs more than basic nonstick. Justified for frequent cooks seeking a decade-long investment.
Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths: Superior scratch resistance; lightweight aluminum core; induction-ready; extensive tool variety; effortless cleaning.
Weaknesses: Hand-wash only; potential clutter from 31 pieces; no standout warranty details; titanium claims lack independent verification.
Bottom Line: The best CAROTE option for durability-focused buyers needing maximum versatility—prioritize this over Product 1 if scratch resistance is critical, despite the manual cleaning requirement.
6. Cuisinart Chef’s Classic 11-Piece Stainless Steel Pots and Pans Set, Cookware Set Compatible with Induction, Electric, Gas Cooktops, Aluminum Core for Even Heat, Cool Grip Handles, Dishwasher Safe
Overview: This 11-piece stainless steel set delivers professional-grade performance for home kitchens. It includes essential pieces (saucepans, stockpot, skillets, steamer) with aluminum cores, induction compatibility, and oven-safe construction up to 500°F. Designed for durability and even heating, it’s a versatile foundation for everyday cooking. What Makes It Stand Out: The encapsulated aluminum base ensures rapid, uniform heat distribution without hot spots, while the fully clad construction prevents warping. Cool Grip handles stay comfortable during stovetop use, and tight-sealing glass lids lock in moisture. Its compatibility with all cooktops (including induction) and dishwasher safety add significant practicality. Value for Money: Positioned as a mid-to-high-end investment, it justifies its price through exceptional build quality and longevity. While cheaper sets may scratch or warp, Cuisinart’s riveted handles and durable stainless steel promise decades of use, outperforming budget nonstick alternatives in long-term value. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Exceptional heat control, indestructible construction, induction-ready, oven-safe versatility, and effortless cleanup. Weaknesses: Heavier than nonstick alternatives, requires proper preheating to prevent sticking, and the steamer insert is a single size only. Bottom Line: Ideal for serious home chefs seeking heirloom-quality cookware. Its professional performance, durability, and universal compatibility make it a worthwhile investment for those prioritizing longevity over ultra-lightweight convenience.
7. CAROTE 27pcs Ceramic Cookware Set Nonstick, Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Non Toxic Cookware Detachable Handles, Dishwasher/Oven Safe, RV/Camping Cookware, Pan and Pot with Kitchen Utensils, Dark Gray
Overview: This expansive 27-piece ceramic nonstick set emphasizes space efficiency and healthy cooking. Featuring PFAS/PTFE-free ceramic coating, detachable handles, and included utensils, it targets small kitchens, RVs, or eco-conscious users seeking toxin-free meal prep without compromising convenience. What Makes It Stand Out: The detachable handles are revolutionary—enabling seamless stovetop-to-oven-to-table transitions and saving up to 70% storage space when stacked. The ceramic nonstick surface allows oil-free cooking, while the comprehensive kit (including bakeware and utensils) offers exceptional versatility for its footprint. Value for Money: Outstanding for compact living. The sheer quantity of pieces (pots, pans, bakeware, tools) at this price point, combined with space-saving innovation, provides immense utility. Though ceramic coatings typically wear faster than stainless steel, the included warranty and non-toxic assurance enhance its cost-effectiveness for health-focused buyers. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Ultra-space-efficient design, truly non-toxic ceramic coating, effortless cleanup (dishwasher-safe), and all-in-one convenience. Weaknesses: Ceramic durability lags behind stainless steel, handles may feel less sturdy during heavy lifting, and oven-safe limit (typically 400°F) is lower than metal sets. Bottom Line: A top choice for apartment dwellers, campers, or families prioritizing storage savings and chemical-free cooking. Its clever design and completeness deliver exceptional value despite minor durability trade-offs.
8. Mueller 17-Piece Stainless Steel Pots and Pans Set – Tri-Ply Ultra-Clad Pro Cookware Set, Induction Ready, Oven Safe, Even-Heat Aluminum Core, Includes Skillets, Saucepans, Dutch Oven, Stockpot
Overview: Mueller’s 17-piece tri-ply set combines professional performance with modern aesthetics. Featuring a brushed satin finish, thick aluminum core, and induction compatibility, it offers comprehensive coverage for diverse cooking techniques—from sautéing to steaming—with oven safety up to 500°F. What Makes It Stand Out: The triple-layer cladding (stainless-aluminum-stainless) ensures rapid, even heating without hot spots, while the tapered rims prevent messy spills. The inclusion of a Dutch oven, multi-tiered steamer, and interchangeable lids elevates it beyond basic sets, supporting complex meal prep in one cohesive system. Value for Money: Highly competitive for a 17-piece professional-grade set. The tri-ply construction rivals premium brands at a lower price point, and the versatility of pieces (like the 12" skillet and 4.5qt Dutch oven) reduces the need for future purchases. Dishwasher safety adds long-term convenience. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Superior heat distribution, induction compatibility, robust riveted handles, and exceptional versatility. Weaknesses: Glass lids lack helper handles on larger pots, and the brushed finish may show water spots more than polished alternatives. Bottom Line: An excellent all-rounder for growing families or enthusiastic cooks. It delivers near-luxury performance at a mid-range price, making it a smart upgrade from entry-level stainless steel sets.
9. CAROTE Nonstick Pots and Pans, Induction Titanium Cookware Set 16pcs Kitchen Cooking Sets, Pot and Pan Non Stick w/Frying pan (PFOS, PFOA Free)
Overview: CAROTE’s 16-piece titanium-reinforced set merges nonstick convenience with induction compatibility. Built with die-cast aluminum and PFAS-free coating, it targets users seeking effortless cooking and quick cleanup without compromising on stovetop versatility or safety. What Makes It Stand Out: The titanium-infused nonstick surface promises enhanced durability over standard ceramic coatings, resisting scratches during utensil use. Silicone-sealed glass lids lock in moisture effectively, and the induction readiness broadens its usability. The 12-month warranty underscores confidence in quality. Value for Money: Solid for frequent nonstick users. The titanium reinforcement extends the coating’s lifespan compared to cheaper nonstick sets, and the 16-piece count covers most needs. However, the hand-wash recommendation (to prevent base residue) slightly offsets the convenience factor. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Durable nonstick performance, even heating, secure silicone-sealed lids, and induction compatibility. Weaknesses: Requires hand-washing for longevity, limited oven-safe temperature (check specific model), and lacks specialized pieces like a steamer. Bottom Line: Best for those prioritizing reliable nonstick performance with induction stoves. While not the most versatile set, its durability-focused design offers good value for everyday healthy cooking.
10. Granitestone Ceraluxe 20 Pc Ceramic Cookware Set Nonstick, Complete Pots and Pans Set Non Stick with 5 Pc Bakeware Set, Deep Frying Pan Set, & Steamer, Non Toxic PFOA Free, Oven & Dishwasher Safe
Overview: This 20-piece behemoth integrates cookware and bakeware into one expansive system. Featuring diamond-reinforced ceramic nonstick coating, it includes pots, pans, a steamer, and five baking pieces—all PFOA-free and designed for healthy, oil-free cooking with effortless cleanup. What Makes It Stand Out: The diamond-infused ceramic coating provides exceptional food release and scratch resistance. The inclusion of a full bakeware suite (muffin pan, cookie sheet, etc.) eliminates the need for separate purchases, while the spiralized aluminum base ensures rapid, even heating across all pieces. Value for Money: Unbeatable for sheer quantity and kitchen coverage. Getting 20 coordinated pieces (including specialized bakeware) at this price point is exceptional. Dishwasher safety and the nonstick surface reduce maintenance effort, though ceramic longevity remains a consideration versus stainless steel. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Comprehensive cook-and-bake solution, superior nonstick performance, quick heat distribution, and dishwasher-safe convenience. Weaknesses: Not induction-compatible, ceramic coating may degrade faster under high heat, and bakeware pieces lack nonstick coating. Bottom Line: Perfect for new households or bakers seeking an all-in-one starter kit. Its extensive range and nonstick ease justify the cost for casual cooks, though induction users should look elsewhere.
Understanding Your Large Family Cookware Needs
Defining Your Cooking Volume Reality
Before falling for a massive set, honestly assess your typical meal output. Are you consistently cooking for six-plus people, or is it mostly four with occasional big gatherings? Consider not just the number of mouths but the types of dishes: big-batch soups, simultaneous frying, or frequent roasting. This dictates the necessary pot sizes and pan quantities far more than the number of pieces in a set.
The Critical Role of Simultaneous Cooking
Large families rarely cook one dish at a time. Your cookware must support multi-tasking: boiling pasta while sautéing veggies and keeping soup warm. This means needing multiple pots and pans of compatible sizes that fit comfortably on your stovetop without crowding burners, alongside lids that interchange efficiently between vessels.
Longevity vs. Immediate Cost
It’s tempting to grab the cheapest large set, but for high-use households, durability is non-negotiable. Cheap nonstick coatings flake after months, thin pots warp and develop hot spots, and weak handles break. Investing in quality upfront prevents the frustration and higher long-term cost of replacing worn-out pieces, often forcing you to buy mismatched replacements later.
Essential Cookware Materials Decoded
Stainless Steel: The Workhorse Advantage
Look for tri-ply or multi-ply construction with an aluminum or copper core sandwiched between stainless layers. This combo delivers exceptional, even heating crucial for preventing burnt spots in large batches, plus incredible durability against scratches, dents, and oven-to-table versatility. The learning curve for preventing sticking is worth mastering for its resilience.
Nonstick: Strategic Use for Specific Tasks
High-quality nonstick (like PTFE or ceramic-reinforced) is invaluable for delicate tasks like eggs or pancakes for a crowd, but it’s not the foundation of a large-family set. Prioritize it for specific skillets where sticking is a major pain point, understanding that even the best nonstick has a shorter lifespan under heavy use and requires careful handling to avoid damage.
Cast Iron and Carbon Steel: Heavy-Duty Power
These excel for searing, frying, and oven-to-table serving but demand significant maintenance (seasoning) and are very heavy—especially when filled with food for six. Consider them as supplemental pieces (like a large Dutch oven or griddle) rather than your primary everyday pots, as their weight and reactivity can be cumbersome for daily large-batch cooking.
Size and Quantity: Beyond the Hype
The Myth of the “Complete” Set
Many large sets include pieces you’ll rarely use (like tiny 1-quart saucepans) while skimping on essentials like multiple 3-4 quart saucepans or a large stockpot. Focus on acquiring multiple copies of core, versatile sizes (e.g., two 3-quart saucepans, two 10-12" skillets) rather than a single set with one of everything. Mix-and-match compatible lines often serve large families better.
Standardizing Sizes for Efficiency
Using pots and pans from the same brand/line ensures lid compatibility across different pieces—a huge time-saver when scrambling to cover simmering pots. Standardized sizes (e.g., all 10" skillets fitting the same lid) streamline storage and eliminate the frantic search for the “one lid that fits” during cooking chaos.
The Stockpot Imperative
A single, large (8-12 quart) stockpot is non-negotiable. It’s essential for cooking pasta for the whole family, making massive batches of soup, stock, or chili, and even doubling as a makeshift sink for soaking huge piles of dishes. Ensure it has sturdy, cool-touch handles and is oven-safe for flexibility.
Durability Features That Withstand Family Life
Handle Construction: Comfort Under Pressure
Handles must be securely riveted (not welded or glued) to withstand the weight of full pots. Opt for ergonomic, hollow handles that stay cooler, but ensure they’re robust enough not to bend. Oven-safe handles (up to at least 400°F) are crucial for searing-to-finishing dishes, but test the grip—bulky handles can be awkward when maneuvering heavy, full pots.
Lid Quality: More Than Just a Cover
Tempered glass lids are ideal for monitoring food without lifting, but they must be thick enough to resist shattering from steam or accidental bumps. Ensure rims are well-finished to prevent scratching pots and that the knob is securely attached and heat-resistant (silicone-wrapped is excellent). A tight seal prevents boil-overs and retains moisture.
Warping Resistance: The Thin Metal Trap
Thin cookware, especially cheap aluminum or stainless, warps easily on high heat or when plunged into cold water after cooking. Warped pots won’t sit flat on burners (causing uneven heating) and won’t seal properly with lids. Look for substantial weight and thick bases—especially important for large skillets and stockpots that handle heavy loads.
Practical Features for Daily Family Cooking
Oven and Broiler Safety Limits
Know the exact maximum oven temperature your cookware can handle, especially the handles and nonstick coatings. Many sets claim “oven-safe,” but the limit might be only 350°F—useless for proper roasting or finishing. For true versatility, seek pieces safe to 450-500°F, essential for techniques like finishing a casserole under the broiler.
Dishwasher Safety: A Double-Edged Sword
While tempting for large families, frequent dishwashing drastically shortens the lifespan of all cookware. It dulls stainless steel, degrades nonstick coatings, and can loosen handles over time. View dishwasher safety as a convenience for occasional use, not a primary cleaning method, to maximize your investment’s longevity.
Storage Solutions and Stackability
Consider how the pieces nest or stack together. Well-designed sets minimize storage footprint—a critical factor in crowded family kitchens. Look for lids that store neatly inside pots or on racks, and ensure handles don’t prevent efficient stacking. Avoid sets with bulky, non-stacking lids that require separate, space-hogging storage.
Budgeting Smartly for High-Use Cookware
The True Cost of Replacement
Factor in the long-term cost of replacing worn-out pieces. A cheap set might seem economical, but if the nonstick fails in a year or handles break, buying individual replacement pots often costs more than investing in quality initially. Prioritize pieces you use most heavily (like skillets and saucepans) in higher-end lines.
Investing in Core Pieces First
You don’t need a massive set all at once. Start with the absolute essentials: two medium saucepans (3-4 qt), two large skillets (10-12"), and one large stockpot. Build your collection over time by adding compatible pieces as needed or replacing worn items, focusing on quality for these high-rotation workhorses.
Understanding Warranty and Support
Reputable brands often offer strong warranties covering defects and sometimes even normal wear (like nonstick performance for a period). Check the terms—does it cover handles loosening? Warping? Good warranty support provides peace of mind for a significant investment subjected to daily heavy use.
Maintenance Habits for Longevity
Proper Cleaning Techniques
Avoid drastic temperature changes (like plunging a hot pan into cold water) which cause warping. For stainless, use baking soda paste for stubborn bits instead of harsh abrasives. Hand-wash nonstick with soft sponges—dishwasher detergent is too harsh. Proper care significantly extends the life of every piece.
Seasoning and Care for Non-Reactive Surfaces
Even stainless steel benefits from occasional re-seasoning (thin oil layer heated) to enhance natural nonstick properties. For carbon steel or cast iron pieces you might own, consistent seasoning is vital. Understanding these simple maintenance steps keeps your cookware performing optimally for years.
Safe Stovetop Practices
Use burner sizes that match your cookware base. A small flame under a large pot leads to uneven heating and potential warping. Avoid sliding pots aggressively on glass tops, and never leave empty cookware unattended on high heat, especially nonstick, as this can permanently damage the coating.
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
How many saucepans do I realistically need for a family of five or more? Focus on having two medium (3-4 quart) saucepans for common tasks like boiling potatoes or making sauces simultaneously, plus one large stockpot (8-12 quart) for pasta and big batches. Avoid sets with tiny, unused saucepans.
Is nonstick cookware worth it for large families given the durability concerns? Yes, but strategically. Invest in one or two high-quality nonstick skillets specifically for eggs or delicate fish where sticking is a major issue. Don’t rely on nonstick for your primary, heavy-duty pots and pans due to its shorter lifespan under constant use.
What’s the most important feature to prevent cookware from warping? Substantial base thickness and multi-ply construction (like tri-ply stainless) are key. Avoid very thin, lightweight pots and pans, especially large skillets and stockpots, as they are prone to warping from heat stress and heavy loads.
Can I mix and match cookware brands for a large family kitchen? Absolutely, and often it’s smarter. Prioritize getting multiple core pieces (like saucepans and skillets) in the same size/line from one compatible brand, then supplement with a heavy-duty Dutch oven or griddle from another brand that excels in that specific item.
How do I know if a set has oven-safe handles up to a high enough temperature? Check the product specifications before buying—don’t assume. Reputable brands clearly state the maximum oven temperature (e.g., “Oven safe to 500°F”). If it’s not specified, assume it’s not safe for high-heat roasting or broiling.
Are glass lids better than stainless steel lids for family cooking? Glass lids are generally preferred as they let you monitor food without lifting (saving heat and time), but ensure they are thick, tempered glass with a secure, heat-resistant knob. Stainless lids are durable but opaque.
How often should I realistically expect to replace cookware in a high-use household? With proper care, high-quality stainless steel and cast iron can last decades. Good nonstick skillets might last 3-5 years with moderate use. Cheap, thin cookware may need replacing within 1-2 years. Invest in quality for core pieces.
What’s the biggest mistake people make when buying cookware for large families? Buying a massive, cheap set with too many unusable pieces (like tiny saucepans) while neglecting multiple copies of essential, versatile sizes (medium saucepans, large skillets) needed for simultaneous cooking.
Is dishwasher-safe cookware a must-have for busy families? While convenient, frequent dishwashing significantly shortens cookware lifespan. Prioritize pieces that are hand-wash friendly (easy to clean) and view dishwasher safety as a backup for rare, heavy messes, not your primary cleaning method.
How do I test cookware for stability and balance before buying? If possible, lift the pot/pan with a lid on and simulate stirring. Handles should feel comfortable and secure, not wobbly. The vessel should feel balanced in your hand—top-heavy or awkwardly weighted pieces become frustrating with large, heavy loads. Check that lids sit snugly without tilting.